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SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTION
What is it?
A sexually transmitted infection (STI) or a disease (STD), is an infection passed from one person to another through sexual contact. These infections can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites.
Who gets STIs?
Anyone who is sexually active can get an STI. However, factors that increase the risk include:
- Having multiple sexual partners.
- Engaging in unprotected sex.
- Having a history of STIs.
- Being under 25 years of age.
- Misuse of alcohol or drugs that may impair judgement.
Causes
STIs are caused by various pathogens, such as:
- Bacteria: e.g., Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis.
- Viruses: e.g., Human Papillomavirus (HPV), Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), HIV.
- Parasites: e.g., Trichomoniasis.
Symptoms
Symptoms of STIs can vary or may be absent, but they can include:
- General symptoms: Pain during urination, unusual discharge, itching or irritation in the genital area.
Specific infections:
- Chlamydia/Gonorrhea: Painful urination, discharge.
- Herpes: Painful blisters or sores.
- HPV: Genital warts or no visible symptoms.
- Syphilis: Painless sores, rash.
- HIV: Flu-like symptoms in the early stages.
Treatment
- Bacterial STIs: Treated with antibiotics.
- Viral STIs: Managed with antiviral medications (e.g., for HSV, HIV).
- Parasites: Treated with antiparasitic medications.
If I have an STI, does my partner have it too?
Possibly. Partners should also be tested and treated to prevent reinfection. Doctors may provide medication for both partners.
Prevention Tips
- Vaccination: Protect against HPV and Hepatitis B.
- Condom Use: Use condoms during vaginal, oral, or anal sex.
- Regular Testing: Know your and your partner’s STI status.
- Monogamy: Having one sexual partner reduces risk.
- Avoid Douching: It disrupts the natural bacterial balance.
- Moderate Alcohol/Drug Use: Avoid risky behavior or impaired judgement.
Why prevention matters
STIs can lead to serious health complications like infertility, chronic pain, and increased risk of HIV. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent transmission and complications.
