SOLUTIONS FOR YOUR
SKIN’S NEEDS
SKIN DRYNESS (XEROSIS)
What is it?
Skin dryness resulting from the dehydration of the outermost layer of the skin, known as the stratum corneum. This condition is caused by the loss of moisture, which leads to various manifestations such as roughness, scaling, and sometimes cracking of the skin. Healthy skin cells are replenished regularly, but in xerosis, the normal process of skin cell renewal is disturbed, resulting in visible dryness and flakes.
Who is at risk?
Xerosis can affect individuals of all ages, though it is more commonly seen in the elderly, particularly during the colder months. This is often linked to factors such as indoor heating, which reduces humidity levels, making the skin more prone to drying out. Other risk factors include underlying conditions like thyroid disease, neurological disorders, and certain types of cancer. The elderly are especially susceptible due to pre-existing medical conditions and medications that may exacerbate the skin’s dryness.
Causes
The main cause of xerosis is the disruption in the skin’s ability to retain moisture. This is linked to deficits in both skin hydration and lipid content, which play a crucial role in maintaining the skin’s barrier function. Environmental factors, such as cold, dry air, and prolonged exposure to hot water, can worsen the condition. Additionally, the aging process itself can reduce the skin’s ability to retain moisture, making older individuals more vulnerable.
Symptoms
- Dry, flaky, and rough skin
- Itching (pruritus), often intense
- Cracked, sometimes bleeding skin
- Visible flakes or scales on the surface of the skin
Treatment
General Measures
- Proper Hygiene: Gentle cleaning of skin with mild, non-drying soap.
- Avoid Hot Showers: Limit bathing and avoid hot water to prevent further drying.
- Use Humidifiers: Adding moisture to the air can help prevent dehydration of the skin.
- Avoid Alcohol-based Soaps: These can worsen dryness.
Topical Treatments
- Moisturizers and Emollients: These should be applied regularly to restore moisture. Products with low pH help maintain the skin’s protective barrier.
- Topical Corticosteroids: Used to reduce inflammation and irritation.
- Topical Immunomodulators: For more severe cases, these can help regulate immune responses that cause inflammation.
Systemic Treatments
- Antihistamines: For managing pruritus.
- Opioid Agonists & Neuroleptics: For severe cases, especially when accompanied by intense itching.
Physical Treatments
